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Coordinates: 51°40'N 3°49'W? / ?51.66, -3.81
Neath (Welsh: Castell-nedd) is a town and community in South Wales with a population of approximately 45,898 in 2001.[1] It is located on the river of the same name.
[edit] History
The Wales Yearbook (2000) states that 55,525 people live in Neath.
Historically Neath was the crossing place of the River Neath and has existed as a settlement since at least Roman times, following the Roman invasion of Britain in the 1st century AD.
The Roman writer Tacitus, in his Histories, only names three places in Wales, one of them being Neath.
There is evidence of undated settlements on the hills surrounding the town, which were probably Celtic. Human remains were discovered 25 miles (40 km) away at Pavilland Cave[2] on the Gower peninsula dated 24,000 BC proving that humans lived in the region during the last Ice Age. Once known as the "Red Lady of Paviland", the remains are actually those of a man[3]. Neath was on the southern edge of the ices sheet with the Vale of Neath being a glaciated valley. Vegetation and animal life migrated to the area following the recession of the ice around 15,000 years ago.
The Romans used the name Celt (outsiders) for the unfederated European tribes outside of their empire and the inhabitants of the Neath area prior and during the Roman occupation were members of the Celtic Silures tribe.
Neath Castle, from which the town is named.
Nidum is the name of the Roman fort discovered close to a housing state, known as Roman Way, on the west side of the River Neath whereas Neath town is on the east side of the river. The fort covered a large area which now lies under the playing fields of Dwr-y-Felin Comprehensive School.[4]
The Roman occupation of Britain ended in the 5th century AD and at that time Christianity was spreading from the east. St Illtyd[5][6][7] ], a prominent Celtic warrior and Celtic saint who became a Christian was a major force in establishing Christianity within Wales having taught St David, the patron saint of Wales.
St Illtyd visited the Neath area and established a settlement in what is now known as Llantwit on the northern edge of the town. The church of St. Illtyd[8] was built at this settlement and was enlarged in Norman times. The Norman and pre Norman church structure remains intact and active to day within the Church in Wales.[9]
Neath was a market town that expanded with the arrival of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century with new manufacturing industries of iron, steel and tinplate. The Mackworth family, who owned the Gnoll Estate[10] were prominent in the town's industrial development.
Coal was mined extensively in the surrounding valleys and the construction of canals and railways made Neath a major transportation centre and the Evans & Bevan family were major in the local coal mining community and also owned the Vale of Neath Brewery.[11]
Silica was also mined in the Craig-y-Dinas area of Pontneddfechan, after Quaker entrepreneur William Weston Young invented the blast-furnace silica firebrick, later moving brick production from the works at Pontwalby to The Green in Neath.
The town also continued as a market trading centre with a municipal cattle market run by W.B.Trick.
The River Neath is a navigable estuary with Neath having been a river port until recent times.
Industrial development continued throughout the 20th century with the construction by British Petroleum of a new petroleum refinery at Llandarcy.
The heavy industries are no more with the town being a commercial centre and tourist attraction.
The Welsh name for Neath is Castell-nedd, which refers to the Norman Neath Castle,[12] which is close to the shopping centre.
Other major attractions for visitors are the ruins of the Cistercian Neath Abbey and the Gnoll Park.[13]
[edit] Culture, media and sport
- In a 1993 edition of FHM The Parade, Neath was infamously named the second most likely place in the UK to encounter a fight on a Friday night.
- The Welsh Rugby Union was formed at a meeting held at the Castle Hotel.[14]
- Neath Rugby Football Club, the famous "Welsh All Blacks", play at The Gnoll.
- Lord Admiral Nelson stayed at the Castle Hotel en route to Milford Haven when the fleet was at anchor there.
- Lt Lewis Roatley,[15] the son of the landlord of the Castle Hotel, served as a Royal Marines officer with Lord Admiral Nelson aboard HMS Victory in the Battle of Trafalgar.
- Neath is the native town of some famous Hollywood actors including Richard Burton (from nearby Pontrhydyfen) and Ray Milland. The international theatre director Michael Bogdanov was born in Neath.
- The town has produced some successful classical singers and musicians, including Ivor Emmanuel, Rebecca Evans, Gail Pearson, classical singer Katherine Jenkins, the rock singer Bonnie Tyler and classical pianists Gordon Back and Andrew Matthews-Owen.
- Peter Shreeves, former Spurs and Sheffield Wednesday manager was born in Neath in November 1940.
- Clayton Blackmore, the former Manchester United and Wales international, was born in Neath in September 1964.
- Carl Harris, the former Leeds United and Wales international, was born in Neath on 3 November 1956.
- Cecil Griffiths, winner of a gold medal in the 4x400m relay at the 1920 Antwerp Olympics, was born in Neath in 1901.
- Neath hosted the National Eisteddfod in 1918, 1934, and 1994.
- Craig y Nos, an area in the Swansea Valley some 15 miles (24 km) from Neath, was chosen by the famous opera singer Adelina Patti to live. She constructed Craig y Nos castle[16] as her home; it includes a miniature opera house where she entertained her house guests. Craig y Nos was the first place in Wales to have electricity installed.
- In April 1980, it was reported that thousands of fresh garden peas pelted down in Tonna (Neath) over a man called Trevor Williams in some freakish weather phenomenon.
- Motorcycle speedway was staged at the Abbey Stadium in Neath in 1962. The Welsh Dragons, led by Kiwi Trevor Redmond, raced in the Provincial League but, because of local problems, a number of the "home" fixtures were raced at St Austell.
- Tennis Alumni includes Jon-Paul Phillips and Andrew Booth of Dyffryn and Cadoxton respectively. Winning championships in both Crynant and abroad.
[edit] Administration
The previous borough council was absorbed into the larger unitary authority of Neath Port Talbot on April 1, 1996. The town encompasses the electoral wards of Neath East, Neath North and Neath South.
The Town and the surrounding area is represented at Westminster by Peter Hain MP (Labour) and in the National Assembly for Wales by Gwenda Thomas AM (Labour)
[edit] Education
Dwr-y-Felin comprehensive school is situated in the outskirts of the town as is a campus of Neath Port Talbot College (which was previously Neath College). There is also the Cefn Saeson comprehensive school situated in the village Cimla near the Crynalt primary school of Cimla. Neath's education is state based with no private institutions.
[edit] Transport
Neath is served by the South Wales Main Line at Neath railway station in the heart of the town. Services operate to Bridgend, Cardiff Central, Newport, Bristol Parkway and London Paddington to the east and Swansea, Carmarthen and West Wales to the west.
Neath bus station is at Victoria Gardens, near the railway station. National Express services call at Neath at the railway station.
From Victoria Gardens, First Cymru provides direct inter-urban services to nearby Swansea and Port Talbot. The A465 skirts the town to the north east and provides a link to the M4 motorway.
The town is served by Cardiff International Airport, which can be accessed by rail by changing at Bridgend railway station and by road from J33 (Cardiff West) of the M4 motorway. The airport provides scheduled, charter, domestic and international flights.
[edit] Future plans
There are plans to regenerate around 1,000 acres (4.0 km²) of land in and around Neath town centre in the near future.[17] The civic centre will be redeveloped as a new shopping centre. The Gwyn Hall will be re-built after having been gutted by a fire. The area around the Milland Road industrial estate will be re-developed along with the area around the Neath Canal.
In March 2008 - the county's new radio station, Afan FM, announced plans to turn on a new transmitter dedicated to the Neath area in the Summer. It's been recently confirmed that this will transmit on 97.4FM and will give residents of Neath their first taste of the Borough's new local radio station - which already transmits to the neighbouring area of Port Talbot on 107.9FM.
[edit] References
- , http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/census2001/ks_ua_ew_part1.pdf
- , Explore Gower:Paviland Cave - Goat's Hole
- , Paviland Cave on University of Minnesota's Archaeology e-museum
- , Dwr y Felin School: History Department
- , Britannia: St Illtyd
- , Early British Kingdoms: St. Illtyd
- , Ancient Texts: St. Illtyd
- , Parish of Neath: St. Illtyd
- , Church in Wales
- , Britton Manor
- , Neath Brewery
- , Neath Castle
- , Gnoll Park
- , Neath Castle Hotel
- , HMS VICTORY. MAN~OF~WAR 1805 MUSTER LISTS
- , http://www.opera-singer.co.uk/adelina2.htm Craig y Nos Castle and Country Park
- , http://www.newswales.co.uk/?section=Community&F=1&id=13592
[edit] External links
(Source: Wikipedia) |